Category
132 profiles
24 profiles of this category are not translated yet: see the French page.
Sort: by name · by number of controversies
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 21 controversies, including “May–1 June 1962: appeal dismissed, remedies exhausted and execution by hanging” and “1961: Jerusalem trial on 15 counts, including crimes against Jewish people, crimes against humanity and war crimes”.
21 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 19 controversies, including “1933–1945: forced eugenic sterilisation of hundreds of thousands” and “1939–1945: Aktion T4 programme — organised killing of people with disabilities”.
19 controversies · 18 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Justice, police and intelligenceAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “Khashoggi case: US attribution and sanctions despite favourable Saudi judicial outcome” and “London: attempted "citizen's arrest" over war crimes, egg thrown and reported obscene gesture”.
6 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1971 / revealed in 2007: Speer letter contradicts public denial of knowledge of announcement of Jewish extermination at Posen” and “1966–1981: public construction of the image of a repentant “good Nazi” through memoirs and interviews”.
9 controversies · 9 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 27 controversies, including “2020-2026: dismantling of civil society and media, and continued large-scale system of political imprisonment” and “2022-present: territorial, logistical and military support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine”.
27 controversies · 52 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1953: attempted posthumous rehabilitation by Bavarian denazification tribunal, subsequently revoked” and “1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg and executed”.
11 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesIdeologies, militancy and activism
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Nuremberg: guilty on all four counts and executed” and “Reich Minister for Occupied Eastern Territories and colonial administration”.
9 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1990s–2006: prosecution and extradition requests over murder and torture — dies in exile without return to Paraguayan courts” and “1954–2003: 'tierras malhabidas' — nearly 7.85 million hectares allocated with serious irregularities, Stroessner among beneficiaries”.
10 controversies · 12 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 14 controversies, including “2011: Mousavi, Karroubi and Rahnavard placed under house arrest without trial, reportedly approved in advance by Khamenei” and “2026: New wave of economic protests — Khamenei promises to 'put rioters in their place'”.
14 controversies · 14 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 18 controversies, including “2 March 2001–2022: sentenced to life in absentia, uncertain death and eventual closure of search” and “1950s–1990s: prolonged refuge in Damascus and repeated failures to secure extradition”.
18 controversies · 7 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1945–13 September 1946: capture, extradition to Poland, death sentence and execution” and “13 September 1944: arrested by SS judiciary for theft of Jewish property and other abuses, without final Nazi judgment”.
8 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2001: Russian Supreme Court refuses rehabilitation, while overturning limited anti-Soviet propaganda charge” and “1946: secret Soviet treason trial and execution by hanging”.
8 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Appeal challenge to 200-metre criterion and legality of artillery strikes” and “Complete acquittal on appeal and immediate release”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1957–1959: seriously wounded in assassination attempt in Argentina, flees to Franco's Spain and dies of injuries” and “1945–1950s: flight from Yugoslavia via Austria and Italy, followed by refuge in Argentina”.
11 controversies · 7 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Arrest by US forces, extradition to Poland and trial before Supreme National Tribunal” and “Death sentence for crimes committed in Warthegau and public execution”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1945: limits scorched-earth policy, negotiates food supplies and is subsequently sentenced to death at Nuremberg” and “1941–1945: reprisals, hostage executions and repression of Dutch resistance”.
9 controversies · 9 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 16 controversies, including “2025–2026: Wagner replaced by Africa Corps while serious abuses continue amid intensifying war” and “2024–2025: Further atrocities attributed to army and Wagner, particularly against Fulani civilians”.
16 controversies · 19 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 12 controversies, including “2004–2006: secret Riggs accounts — over $10 million, companies and identities used to conceal assets” and “2006: new indictments for torture, kidnappings and homicide — death before final judgment”.
12 controversies · 15 sources3 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1946–1966: sentenced to twenty years for crimes against humanity, acquitted of conspiracy and released after serving sentence” and “1941–1944: administration receives reports describing exterminations and communications about “special action””.
9 controversies · 4 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 26 controversies, including “2007–2026: Secret al-Kibar nuclear reactor destroyed by Israel, followed by IAEA non-cooperation dispute” and “2026: First Syrian conviction of Assad — death sentence in absentia for murder, torture, arbitrary arrests and crimes against humanity”.
26 controversies · 23 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Whiskey 108 / Kakarak: civil findings on two killings and pending criminal charges in 2026” and “Darwan / Ali Jan: civil finding concerning death after fall from cliff and pending criminal charge in 2026”.
9 controversies · 10 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 17 controversies, including “1943–1945: Italian Social Republic of Salò and collaboration in persecution of Jews under German occupation” and “1926–1930s: Political police, internment, special courts, censorship and repression of opposition”.
17 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Public retraction of confession and remorse during imprisonment in Sweden” and “Early release after serving approximately two-thirds of sentence”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Gwangju memoirs: criminal defamation conviction followed by final civil ruling establishing factual falsifications” and “Samcheong "re-education" camps: arbitrary arrests, forced labour, deaths and widespread human rights abuses”.
8 controversies · 14 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Organised crime and cartelsAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2016: Clan del Golfo "paro armado" and other violence subsequently included in Colombian conviction” and “2023–2026: 45-year US prison sentence and new 30-year Colombian conviction”.
8 controversies · 11 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “2015: judicial rehabilitation in Serbia — 1946 conviction annulled without ruling on historical war crimes” and “1946: arrest followed by political and criminal trial for treason and war crimes”.
15 controversies · 8 sources1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “2022–2024: Iranian military support for Russia and widespread use of Iranian-designed drones in Ukraine” and “2021–2024: Accelerated nuclear enrichment and accumulation of near-weapons-grade uranium”.
15 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1970s–1980s: rise to top of party and state within system dominated by husband” and “1970s–1989: construction of largely fictitious official scientific career”.
7 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 17 controversies, including “1940s–1985: systemic repression through Sigurimi, prisons, forced labour and internal exile” and “1940s–1980s: collective punishment of fugitives' and 'enemies'' families through administrative internment”.
17 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1959–1986: sentenced to death for war crimes, sentence not carried out and life imprisonment” and “1949–1958: British arrest, extradition to Poland and eight years' detention before trial”.
7 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Life sentence followed by early release on health grounds” and “Nuremberg trial: guilty on counts 1, 2 and 3”.
9 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1933–1934: demand for “second revolution” and plan to transform SA into people's army dominating Reichswehr” and “30 June–1 July 1934: false “Röhm putsch” narrative, arrest and extrajudicial execution on Hitler's orders”.
7 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Baghdad visit and reported opposition to immediate disarmament of Iraqi factions” and “British and European sanctions linked to Quds Force support for regional armed groups”.
7 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesJustice, police and intelligence
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1922–1926: continuity of political police under GPU/OGPU and consolidation of security apparatus around Dzerzhinsky” and “1918–1922: formation of Cheka's own armed forces for punitive operations and internal control”.
6 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1945–1946: Capture, war-crimes and high-treason trial, death sentence and execution” and “November 1944–January 1945: Budapest ghetto and Arrow Cross terror, including Danube executions”.
9 controversies · 6 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 13 controversies, including “2003: Indicted by Special Court on seventeen counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity; dies before trial” and “1998–2000: Systematic rape and sexual slavery in RUF-controlled areas”.
13 controversies · 12 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1939–1975: Authoritarian dictatorship, prohibition or neutralisation of opposition and political control” and “1939–1975: Censorship of press, arts and public expression”.
15 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1957–1971: executions, imprisonment, forced exile and state terrorism” and “1964: proclamation as president for life”.
6 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1 January 1959: flight from Cuba and collapse of regime” and “1957–1958: police brutality, torture, arbitrary arrests and alleged extrajudicial executions”.
7 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1938: death sentence and execution; subsequent refusal of rehabilitation” and “1937–1938: arrest followed by third Moscow trial on charges of treason, conspiracy and murder”.
9 controversies · 4 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1957–1961: attempt to oust Khrushchev, defeat of 'Anti-Party Group', political exile and expulsion from CPSU” and “1952–1953: responsibility for Soviet agriculture and acknowledged failure of agricultural policy”.
10 controversies · 5 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “Creation and use of Securitate as instrument of political terror” and “Forced collectivisation of agriculture and mass repression of peasants”.
10 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1946: found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death and executed” and “1939–1944: reign of terror, hostage executions and summary courts in General Government”.
9 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 21 controversies, including “1939–1945: expansion of Waffen-SS and involvement of SS units in war crimes and massacres” and “1944–1945: camp evacuations and death marches under SS authority”.
21 controversies · 13 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg, sentenced to death, then suicide by cyanide” and “1938–1945: industrial dispossession, plunder of occupied territories and extensive forced labour”.
10 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1946–1948: Convicted by Tokyo Tribunal and executed, with major judicial dissents” and “1945: Suicide attempt during arrest by Allied forces”.
11 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1980s–2017: sexual violence under the regime — first-instance conviction for personally committing rape, followed by acquittal on that count on appeal” and “2016–2017: life sentence upheld on appeal for crimes against humanity, torture and war crimes”.
9 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Verbal escalation with Washington during US strikes against Houthis” and “After direct attack on Israel in April 2024: announcement of "new equation" of retaliation”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Search covers names and aliases — not the content of profiles.